-
Immunity & Ageing : I & A Oct 2023Sarcopenia is closely associated with gut dysbiosis. Probiotics alleviate gut dysbiosis. Therefore, we selected probiotics Lactobacillus paracasei P62 (Lp) and...
Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus paracasei alleviate sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in aged mice by regulating gut microbiota-mediated AKT, NF-κB, and FOXO3a signaling pathways.
Sarcopenia is closely associated with gut dysbiosis. Probiotics alleviate gut dysbiosis. Therefore, we selected probiotics Lactobacillus paracasei P62 (Lp) and Bifidobacterium bifidum P61 (Bb), which suppressed muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) expression and NF-κB activation in C2C12 cells, and examined their effects on muscle mass loss and dysfunction in aged mice. Oral administration of Lp, Bb, or their mix (LB) increased grip strength and treadmill running distance and time. They significantly increased muscle weight in aged mice. They also increased AKT activation, PGC1α, SIRT1, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression, MyHC-positive cell population, and cell size in the gastrocnemius (GA) muscle, while FOXO3a and NF-κB activation, MuRF1, muscle atrophy F-box, and p16 expression, and NF-κBCD11c cell population decreased. Furthermore, they reduced cognitive impairment-like behavior, IL-6 expression, FOXO3a activation, and NF-κB-positive cell population in the hippocampus, GA, and colon, while hippocampal brain-derived neurotropic factor expression increased. They shifted gut microbiota composition in aged mice: they increased Akkermansiaceae and Bacteroidaceae populations, which were positively correlated with total muscle weight and MyHC expression, and decreased Odoribacteraceae and Deferribacteriaceae populations, which were positively correlated with MuRF1 and IL-6 expression. LB alleviated sarcopenia- and cognitive impairment-like symptoms more potently than Lp or Bb alone. Based on these findings, probiotics, particularly Lp, Bb, and LB, can alleviate aging-dependent sarcopenia and cognitive impairment by regulating gut microbiota-mediated AKT, NF-κB, and/or FOXO3a signaling pathways.
PubMed: 37872562
DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00381-5 -
Microorganisms Mar 2021Adhesion to intestinal mucus is the first event in the process by which intestinal microbes colonize the intestine. It plays a critical role in the initiation of...
Adhesion to intestinal mucus is the first event in the process by which intestinal microbes colonize the intestine. It plays a critical role in the initiation of interactions between gut microbes and host animals. Despite the importance, the adhesion properties of probiotics are generally characterized using porcine mucin; adhesion to human mucus has been poorly characterized. In the present study, human intestinal mucus samples were isolated from 114 fecal samples collected from healthy infants and adults. In initial screening, four out of the 13 beneficial microbes tested, including the type strain of TMC3115, GG, and subsp. Bb12, showed strong adhesion abilities to human mucus. The type strain of and TMC3115 adhered more strongly to neonatal and infant mucus than to adult mucus, while GG and Bb12 adhered more strongly to adult mucus than to infant mucus. Similar results were obtained for ten additional strains of . In conclusion, age/generation-related differences were observed in the adhesion properties of and other strains. A deeper symbiotic relationship may exist between infants, particularly neonates, and based on its enhanced adhesion to neonatal intestinal mucus.
PubMed: 33808003
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030542 -
Endocrinologia, Diabetes Y Nutricion Jan 2024Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal functional disorder mainly characterised by abdominal pain, bloating and altered bowel habits. Dysbiosis might seem... (Review)
Review
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal functional disorder mainly characterised by abdominal pain, bloating and altered bowel habits. Dysbiosis might seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Probiotics represent a potential treatment, since these could favour the functional microbiota and improve symptoms. The aim was to review the effectiveness of the use of probiotics in IBS symptomatology, analysing the influence of duration and dose. 18 articles were included. At the individual level, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bacillus could be useful in the treatment of symptoms. Bifidobacterium bifidum reported the best results (1 × 10 CFU/day for 4 weeks). The most effective combination was 2 Lactobacillus strains, one of Bifidobacterium and one of Streptococcus (4 × 10 CFU/day for 4 weeks). Future clinical trials should confirm these results and analyse the difference between individual and combined treatments.
Topics: Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Probiotics; Lactobacillus; Bifidobacterium; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 38331656
DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2024.01.003 -
Microorganisms Mar 2021BGN4-SK (BGN4-SK), a recombinant strain which was constructed from BGN4 (BGN4) to produce superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, was analyzed to determine its...
BGN4-SK (BGN4-SK), a recombinant strain which was constructed from BGN4 (BGN4) to produce superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, was analyzed to determine its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. Culture conditions were determined to maximize the SOD and catalase activities of BGN4-SK. The viability, intracellular radical oxygen species (ROS) levels, intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were determined to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BGN4-SK in human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29) and murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). Antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) were produced at the highest levels when BGN4-SK was cultured for 24 h in a medium containing 500 μM MnSO and 30 μM hematin, with glucose as the carbon source. The viability and intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities of HO-stimulated HT-29 treated with BGN4-SK were significantly higher ( < 0.05) than those of cells treated with BGN4. The intracellular ROS levels of HO-stimulated HT-29 cells treated with BGN4-SK were significantly lower ( < 0.05) than those of cells treated with BGN4. BGN4-SK more significantly suppressed the production of interleukin (IL)-6 ( < 0.05), tumor necrosis factor-α ( < 0.01), and IL-8 ( < 0.05) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HT-29 and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells compared to BGN4. These results suggest that BGN4-SK may have enhanced antioxidant activities against oxidative stress in HO-stimulated HT-29 cells and enhanced anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated HT-29 and RAW 264.7 cells.
PubMed: 33805797
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030595 -
Genome Analysis of E3, Structural Characteristics, and Antioxidant Properties of Exopolysaccharides.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023In this study, the antioxidant properties of intact cells (IC), cell-free supernatant (CFS), and cell-free extracts (CFE) and whole genome sequencing of E3 ( E3), as...
In this study, the antioxidant properties of intact cells (IC), cell-free supernatant (CFS), and cell-free extracts (CFE) and whole genome sequencing of E3 ( E3), as well as the structural characteristics and antioxidant properties of EPS-1, EPS-2, and EPS-3, were evaluated. The results revealed that intact cells (IC), cell-free supernatant (CFS), and cell-free extracts (CFE) had potent DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical), hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities, among which CFS was the best. At the genetic level, we identified a strong carbohydrate metabolism capacity, an EPS synthesis gene cluster, and five sugar nucleotides in E3. Therefore, we extracted cEPS from E3 and purified it to obtain EPS-1, EPS-2, and EPS-3. EPS-1, EPS-2, and EPS-3 were heteropolysaccharides with an average molecular weight of 4.15 × 10 Da, 3.67 × 10 Da, and 5.89 × 10 Da, respectively. The EPS-1 and EPS-2 are mainly comprised of mannose and glucose, and the EPS-3 is mainly comprised of rhamnose, mannose, and glucose. The typical characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides were shown in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR spectroscopy). The microstructural study showed a rough surface structure for EPS-1, EPS-2, and EPS-3. Furthermore, EPS-1, EPS-2, and EPS-3 exhibited potent DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities. Correlation analysis identified that antioxidant capacities may be influenced by various factors, especially molecular weight, chemical compositions, and monosaccharide compositions. In summary, the EPS that was produced by E3 may provide insights into health-promoting benefits in humans.
PubMed: 37627987
DOI: 10.3390/foods12162988 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2021Recent studies have suggested that flavonoids such as quercetin and probiotics such as () and () could play a relevant role in inhibiting colon cancer cell growth. Our...
Recent studies have suggested that flavonoids such as quercetin and probiotics such as () and () could play a relevant role in inhibiting colon cancer cell growth. Our study investigated the role of dietary supplementation with microencapsulated probiotics ( and ) along with quercetin in the development of mouse colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Adenomatous polyposis coli/multiple intestinal neoplasia (Apc) mice were fed a standard diet or the same diet supplemented with microencapsulated probiotics ( and strains, 10 CFU/100 g food) or both probiotics strains plus microencapsulated quercetin (15 mg/100 g food) for 73 days. Changes in body and organ weights, energy metabolism, intestinal microbiota, and colon tissue were determined. The expression of genes related to the Wnt pathway was also analyzed in colon samples. Results: Dietary supplementation with microencapsulated probiotics or microencapsulated probiotics plus quercetin reduced body weight loss and intestinal bleeding in Apc mice. An improvement in energy expenditure was observed after 8 weeks but not after 10 weeks of treatment. A supplemented diet with microencapsulated and reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and adenomas by 45% and 60%, respectively, whereas the supplementation with , and quercetin decreased the number of ACF and adenomas by 57% and 80%, respectively. Microencapsulated and in combination with quercetin could exert inhibition of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the colon of Apc mice Conclusions: The administration of microencapsulated and , individually or in combination with quercetin, inhibits the CRC development in Apc mice.
Topics: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; Animals; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Body Weight; Carcinogenesis; Cells, Immobilized; Colon; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Energy Metabolism; Feces; Feeding Behavior; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Lactobacillus gasseri; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Occult Blood; Organ Size; Probiotics; Quercetin; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Mice
PubMed: 34063173
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094906 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022In this study we aimed to determine whether treatment with maternal TMC3115 could affect the composition of the gut microbiota and the development of the immune system...
In this study we aimed to determine whether treatment with maternal TMC3115 could affect the composition of the gut microbiota and the development of the immune system and intestinal tract of offspring, and protect the offspring from IgE-mediated allergic disease. Pregnant BALB/c mice were gavaged with TMC3115 until delivery. Offspring were sensitized with ovalbumin from postnatal days 21 to 49. After maternal treatment with TMC3115, the microbiota of the offspring's feces, intestinal contents, and stomach contents (a proxy for breast milk) at the newborn and weaning stages exhibited the most change, and levels of immunoglobulin in the sera and stomach contents and of splenic cytokines, as well as the mRNA levels of colonic intestinal development indicators were all significantly altered in offspring at different stages. After sensitization with ovalbumin, there were no significant changes in the levels of serum IgE or ovalbumin-specific IgE/IgG1 in the TMC3115 group; however, IgM, the expression of intestinal development indicators, and the production of fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) were significantly increased, as were the relative abundances of and the NK4A136 group. Our results suggested that maternal treatment with TMC3115 could have a profound modulatory effect on the composition of the gut microbiota and the development of the immune system and intestinal tissue in offspring at different stages of development, and may induce immune tolerance to allergens in ovalbumin-stimulated offspring by modulating the gut microbiota and SCFA production.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Female; Pregnancy; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Ovalbumin; Immune System; Immune Tolerance; Immunoglobulin E; Allergens
PubMed: 36452299
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1045109 -
Microorganisms Oct 2023Childhood obesity is a major public health problem worldwide with an increasing prevalence, associated not only with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance,... (Review)
Review
Childhood obesity is a major public health problem worldwide with an increasing prevalence, associated not only with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but also with psychosocial problems. Gut microbiota is a new factor in childhood obesity, which can modulate the blood lipopolysaccharide levels, the satiety, and fat distribution, and can ensure additional calories to the host. The aim of this review was to assess the differences and the impact of the gut microbial composition on several obesity-related complications such as metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, or insulin resistance. Early dysbiosis was proven to be associated with an increased predisposition to obesity. Depending on the predominant species, the gut microbiota might have either a positive or negative impact on the development of obesity. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics were suggested to have a positive effect on improving the gut microbiota and reducing cardio-metabolic risk factors. The results of clinical trials regarding probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic administration in children with metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, and insulin resistance are controversial. Some of them (, , and ) were proven to reduce the body mass index in obese children, and also improve the blood lipid content; others (, , , , , and fructo-oligosaccharides) failed in proving any effect on lipid parameters and glucose metabolism. Further studies are necessary for understanding the mechanism of the gut microbiota in childhood obesity and for developing low-cost effective strategies for its management.
PubMed: 38004665
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112651 -
Microorganisms Mar 2020Certain species of the genus represent human symbionts. Many studies have shown that the establishment of symbiosis with such bifidobacterial species confers various... (Review)
Review
Certain species of the genus represent human symbionts. Many studies have shown that the establishment of symbiosis with such bifidobacterial species confers various beneficial effects on human health. Among the more than ten (sub)species of human gut-associated that have significantly varied genetic characteristics at the species level, is unique in that it is found in the intestines of a wide age group, ranging from infants to adults. This species is likely to have adapted to efficiently degrade host-derived carbohydrate chains, such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and mucin -glycans, which enabled the longitudinal colonization of intestines. The ability of this species to assimilate various host glycans can be attributed to the possession of an adequate set of extracellular glycoside hydrolases (GHs). Importantly, the polypeptides of those glycosidases frequently contain carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) with deduced affinities to the target glycans, which is also a distinct characteristic of this species among members of human gut-associated bifidobacteria. This review firstly describes the prevalence and distribution of in the human gut and then explains the enzymatic machinery that has developed for host glycan degradation by referring to the functions of GHs and CBMs. Finally, we show the data of co-culture experiments using host-derived glycans as carbon sources, which underpin the interesting altruistic behavior of this species as a cross-feeder.
PubMed: 32231096
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040481 -
Nutrients Feb 2023Cathartic colon (CC), a type of slow-transit constipation caused by the long-term use of stimulant laxatives, does not have a precise and effective treatment. This study...
Cathartic colon (CC), a type of slow-transit constipation caused by the long-term use of stimulant laxatives, does not have a precise and effective treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of CCFM1163 to relieve CC and to investigate its underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with senna extract for 8 weeks, followed by a 2-week treatment with CCFM1163. The results revealed that CCFM1163 effectively alleviated CC symptoms. The possible mechanism of CCFM1163 in relieving CC was analyzed by measuring the intestinal barrier and enteric nervous system (ENS)-related indices and establishing a correlation between each index and gut microbiota. The results indicated that CCFM1163 changed the gut microbiota by significantly increasing the relative abundance of and as well as the content of short-chain fatty acids, especially propionic acid, in the feces. This increased the expression of tight junction proteins and aquaporin 8, decreased intestinal transit time, increased fecal water content, and relieved CC. In addition, CCFM1163 also increased the relative abundance of in feces and the expression of enteric nerve marker proteins to repair the ENS, promote intestinal motility, and relieve constipation.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Male; Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Cathartics; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Constipation; Colonic Diseases; Probiotics
PubMed: 36904145
DOI: 10.3390/nu15051146